Sectionalism in the early-mid 1800s. - 759 Words

A sense of unity filled the United States of America after they gained independence by winning the Revolutionary War. This sense of unity, however, did not last forever. Rather than having disputes with Britain, the United States began to have disputes among its three sections - the north, south, and west. Starting with the War of 1812, sectionalism began as a small rift but grew into a huge gap that separated the north, south, and west. The end of the controversial War of 1812 did not end sectionalism. In fact, the War in general essentially served as an ignition to the division of the sections. Even further dividing the sections, the Protective Tariff of 1814 put a 25% tax on all imported goods. This means that a roll of cloth from†¦show more content†¦Due to this, many voters from New England (north) voted for John Quincy Adams, while nearly everybody from the south and west voted for Andrew Jackson. In the end, Jackson easily won the election. The same year Jackson was elected, a new tariff was issued. This tariff was one of the highest tariffs in American History. TheShow MoreRelatedManifest Destiny : A True Sign Of Progress For The United States966 Words   |  4 Pagesunderlying ideological distinctions between the two regions, new abolitionist movement, the Compromise of 1850, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act as the violence stemming from sectionalism would increase and the differences between the North and South would become irreconcilable. The ultimate cause of all sectional conflicts in the mid-1800s was the ideological differences between the North and South that stemmed partially from economic differences as the notably more industrial North began to embrace bothRead MoreSectionalism In The 19th Century1318 Words   |  6 Pagesyet. The sense of optimism and ongoing expansion during the early 19th century that helped to bring America together for a period both contributed to a time of happiness and breakthroughs in which America is trying to be defined as a happy and thriving nation. The rise of democracy coupled with the the gradual political process, both magnify the degree to which America was still trying to find themselves politically. The rise of sectionalism and decline of nationalism point to the once wavering auraRead MoreThe Differences Between The North And South1199 Words   |  5 Pagescompromises and agreements made between the founding fathers. Since the early days of the Union, compromises have bee n the solution to various disputes in the young nation. However as the time in the 1800s progressed, the increasing sectionalism primarily caused by slavery was leading to large amounts of tension. In the past, these disputes were settled by compromises. However, the usual compromise was not applicable in the mid-1800s due to the political differences between the North and South as wellRead MoreLincoln: the Great Emancipator2289 Words   |  10 Pagesyet to be eliminated. After the war of 1812, sectionalism began to grow prevalent in America. The Industrial Revolution in the early to mid-1800s advanced the country technologically while further dividing it as the North became industrialized and the South became more agrarian and reliant on slave labor. Sectionalism was increased by westward expansion, and began to manifest itself in American politics. The country could have gone to war by the early 1800s, but various political compromises held theRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Civil W ar Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesbirth of the nation. The fracturing of the early political system on the basis of location, party, economic visions were the beginning of fundamental differences between the states. As the political, social, and economic patterns developed throughout the nation, the regional and ideological differences only deepened, leading to the inevitable division of the Union and its populace. One of the primary long term causes for the Civil War was the nation’s early economic division. Specifically, those ofRead MoreApush Dbqs Essay2248 Words   |  9 Pagesways did ideas and values held by Puritans influence the political, economic, and social development of the New England colonies from 1630 through the 1660s? (Form B) 1. The issue of territorial expansion sparked considerable debate in the period 1800–1855. Analyze this debate and evaluate the influence of both supporters and opponents of territorial expansion in shaping federal government policy. 2009 DBQ: (Form A) From 1775 to 1830, many African Americans gained freedom from slaveryRead MoreEssay about Lincoln, Labor and Liberation2737 Words   |  11 Pagesslavery became such an important issue. Free labor became the center of the Republican ideology in 1852, with the foundation of the Republican Party. It was the result of the economically expanding, enterprising, and competitive society of the early nineteenth century. The word â€Å"labor† had slowly begun to take on new meaning. Previously, it meant only those who were involved in the production of goods. Society was strictly divided into two main groups, those who worked and those who profitedRead MoreThe Invention Of The Cotton Gin1976 Words   |  8 PagesAmerican colonies in the 17th and 18th centuries, and African-American slaves helped build the economic foundations of the new nation. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 solidified the central importance of slavery to the South’s economy. By the mid-19th century, America’s westward expansion, along with a growing abolition movement in the North, would provoke a great debate over slavery that would tear the nation apart in the bloody Ame rican Civil War (1861-65). Though the Union victory freed theRead MoreThe Battle of Gettysburg Essay1983 Words   |  8 Pagespoint for the Union as well as for the Confederates, though it was not the final battle to be fought. There were many events prior the actual battle that had led to this clash (Berkin 442). The United States was undergoing great changes in the mid 1800s. Populations in both the North and the south grew tremendously. The main increase from the North was largely due to the many immigrants that flooded the coastal cities. Around 2.8 million immigrants came into the United States between 1850 andRead MoreThe War Over Sectional Conflicts2166 Words   |  9 Pagesfinal straw in the war over sectional conflicts. Since the invention of the cotton gin in the late 18th century by Eli Whitney, The North and South began courses with two opposite trajectories, both economically and socially. Countless events from 1800 to 1860 drove the regions further apart, and although the North and the South tried to reconcile their differences with compromises in 1820 and in 1850, both attempts failed in the end. Friction between the North and South had been steadily increasing

The Hardships of Diabetes Essay - 1921 Words

The Hardships of Diabetes Diabetes is a very grave and serious disease involving many hardships, but a good diet, exercise, and overall healthy habits can keep your diabetes under control which in-turn makes you feel better and avoid later complications. Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce enough insulin, a hormone needed to convert the sugars and starches that we eat into energy needed for daily life. The cause of the disease is a mystery, but genetics and environment seem to play major roles. There are two kinds of Diabetes, Diabetes Insipidus and the more common Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Insipidus is a rare disease caused by a deficiency of vasopressin, a hormone of the posterior pituitary gland that†¦show more content†¦Since glucose cannot enter the cells it builds up in the blood and the bodys cells literally starve to death. Also since the body lacks sufficient energy from tissue glucose it begins to break down stored fat that produces ketenes, a byproduct of broken down fat, that makes the bodys blood acidic interfering with respiration. About 700,000 people in the United States have Type I diabetes. Its symptoms are unusual thirst, frequent urination, extreme hunger, dramatic weight loss, fatigue, and irritability. If the disease is undetected or not properly treated it can quickly become fatal. Death by diabetic coma was usually the outcome of the disease before insulin was discovered. The other more common type of Diabetes is Type II, affecting more than 13.3 million people in the United States. Type II Diabetes is a metabolic disorder resulting from the bodys inability to make enough or properly use insulin. Sometimes Type II can be due to prolonged obesity when a rise in the level of blood sugar inactivates tissue components that are targets for insulin, consequentially killing off the cells needed to transport the sugar. Type II diabetes is most prevalent in adults over forty, but most people do not recognize the disease until they develop one of its life threatening complications. Type II has the same symptoms asShow MoreRelated1920s Good or Bad?1665 Words   |  7 Pagesmedical treatment towards diabetes. Diabetes was one of the major diseases that had killed many people around the world during 1920s. Proper and effective treatments towards diabetes were needed as soon as possible. In 1921 at University of Toronto’s labratory, Dr. Fredrick Banting with help of his co-leagues and students succeeded isolating insulin which is a hormone from the dog. Banting’s idea was to inject the isolated insulin to the patient’s body since the reason diabetes is being caused is becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of Don t Blame The Eater988 Words   |  4 Pagesdivorce, works schedules can also affect food choices. As he summed up, â€Å"Fast-food is a very reliable, cheap option that is always predictable, which makes it a perfect destination but not many people understand the emotional, physical, and me ntal hardships that can result from those choices.† These factors can also be tracked to various socio-economic groups, ethnicities, etc. As mentioned, the author uses a personal narrative to further prove his point that children are being the most victimizedRead MoreEconomic And Social Consequences Of Diabetes1231 Words   |  5 PagesEconomic and Social Consequences of Diabetes There are many costs to the U.S. as more people are developing Diabetes at an increasing rate. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) researched and studied the costs to the healthcare systems and found that the costs were $174 billion in 2007 and rose to $245 billion in 2012. The cost of diabetes in the six years has risen to an outstanding 41%. The costs of Diabetes was broke down into two categories: medical costs and lost productivity. In the 2012Read MoreDiabetes On The Rise Of Diabetes994 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes on the Rise â€Å"There is considerable evidence for a rising epidemic of diabetes in many countries of the world, with projected numbers of affected persons, and national prevalence likely to rise† (Sicree Shaw, 2007). The United States (U.S.) alone being number three of the top ten countries worldwide, projected to see the highest rate of those affected by type II diabetes amongst its population in 2030 (Shaw, Sicree, Zimmet, 2010). A growing epidemic, attributions to urbanization, nutritionRead MoreA Brief Note On Diabetic Kidney Disease ( Dkd )1108 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetic Kidney Disease Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is defined kidney disease attributed to diabetes (versus chronic kidney disease, which may be due to numerous etiologies including diabetes). ADA recommends screening for nephropathy 5 years after diagnosis for type 1 diabetes and at diagnosis for type 2 diabetes. Screening includes urine albumin excretion (albumin/gr creatinine). ADA no longer uses the terms â€Å"micro ( 30 ug/mg Cr) and macroalbuminuria ( ug/mg Cr)†, but defines albuminuriaRead MoreChildhood Obesity : Obesity And Obesity961 Words   |  4 Pagesarise along with obesity. Specifically type two diabetes is a disease that can be difficult to face. Type two diabetes can be caused by elevated levels of sugar in one’s blood, resulting in issues with insulin binding, however in type one diabetes, one develops this from genetics and not from oversupply of sugar in the blood (Dea). Working at the Philadelphia children’s hospital as a pediatric nurse practitioner, Tara Dea deals with obesity and diabetes every day. As a nurse she is more involved inRead MoreDiabetes And How A Person With This Condition s Experience Has Affected Her Daily Life1401 Words   |  6 PagesIn my paper, I am going to focus on Type 2 Diabetes and how a person with this condition’s experience has affected her daily life. About the Disability Cause: Experts say diabetes is partly genetic and at least partly behavioral. Obesity and lack of exercise are key risk factors for the most common form. Many people think that diabetes results from eating too many sweets, but the truth is more complex. Type 2 diabetes -- also known as adult-onset diabetes -- is characterized by â€Å"insulin resistanceRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Diabetes Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes 1. Illness or Symptoms: The most common symptoms are fatigue, having to urinate more than feeling thirsty, distorted vision, and dry mouth. Type 1 diabetes symptoms are rapidly noticed with more severe symptoms verses type 2 diabetes, which have symptoms that usually are not as noticeable and develop at a slower rate. 2. Patients: Patients who are over 45 are more likely to get diabetes; the older you get the more of a risk you have. If the patient has a family background of type 2 diabetesRead MoreHuman Adaptation Essay1234 Words   |  5 PagesThrifty Genotype Hypothesis. The Thrifty Genotype Hypothesis attempts to explain the variation in effects of Type II diabetes, particularly in modern Native/Indigenous peoples. The hypothesis gives reason to believe that the adaptation of high concentration of among native populations occurred to increase survival in times of feast or famine. It is thought that in times of subsistence hardship, through the process of natural selection, individuals with the ability to store fat survived, perpetuating andRead MoreT2 DQ1 Essay676 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿According to the assigned article, Health Disparity and Structural Violence: How Fear Undermines Health Among Immigrants at Risk for Diabetes, narratives tell the story of the interconnectedness between fear and heal th. Thematically, the issue of fear is a dominant feature that affects how an individual approaches day-to-day living and health. Explain the relationship between fear and health identified by the researchers in the article. Do you agree that structural violence perpetuates health

Nuclear Family Free Essays

string(27) " a universal social group\." Yesterday, 22:02Â  in:Â  Essay samples The question is to outline and critically evaluate the functionalist view that the typical family unit is nuclear. The other part of the question is to critically evaluate the work of Willmott and Young that suggests that the family is becoming increasingly symmetrical. In defining the symmetrical family according to Willmott and Young, males and females are becoming equal within the family. We will write a custom essay sample on Nuclear Family or any similar topic only for you Order Now Willmott and Young also stated that there are three stages in becoming a symmetrical family.The first stage is the pre-industrial family, which is a unit of production consisting of a husband, wife and unmarried children. The family worked for themselves on the land as a unit of production. This is still represented in a small minority of families today. The family started to decline in the nineteenth –century due to the industrial revolution which gave rise to the emergence of the factory system. (Haralambos and Holborn, 2002). The stage two families began with early industrialization.Factory production replaced the domestic system and such families ceased to be a unit of production and focused more on the individuals employed as wage earners. During the nineteenth century there was high unemployment and widespread poverty amongst the working class. Stage three families began in the early 1970’s. This is a new emerging family called the symmetrical family. It is egalitarian and democratic. The conjugal bond between husband and wife is strong and they share their work and time around the home. The nuclear family has become a large self-containing and self-reliant unit.Wives still have the main responsibility of raising the children with a little help from their husbands. Women started a network of support in order to help each other and their children during hard times. This extension of network was done to cope with poverty by creating an insurance policy and support. The bond between married daughter and mother became closer and the conjugal bond between husband and wife became weaker. A survey carried out by Willmott and Young in the 1950’s showed that stage two families still exists in Bethnal Green.There is still a strong bond between mothers and daughters. (Haralambos and Holborn, 2000) Historically the symmetrical family brought changes to the structure of the family. However, there are feminist theories on the family for example, radical feminists believe that that the family is a unit of oppression. Radical feminists see the home as a place where women were exploited by the capitalists and their husbands. Men were the head of the family and household. The men had political and economic powers allowing them to make decisions in the home. As a result the women would be dependent on the men.In order to understand the family, feminism has probably had more influence on the study of the family than any other approaches in society. Feminists have highlighted the dangerous effects on women within the family. Also the dominance of men within the family was highlighted. They also question whether the family life is becoming egalitarian. In addition, feminists view the family as an institution, which has greater benefits for men compared to those for women (Haralambos, 2000). In regards to the Marxist feminist perspective, Marxists such as Engel and Zaretsky recognised that women are treated unfairly in the home.However their focus is on the relationship between Capitalism and the family. Margaret Benston states that women are the emotional support for her husband. This support provides him with comfort, which enables him to continue to go out to perform well in his job. In terms this is good for the Capitalist employee working well in order to perform his role as a wage labourer (handout feminist perspectives on the family). According to Bryson (1997), radical feminists view the oppression of women as the most fundamental and universal from of control.In this view, this is a patriarchal society rather than a Capitalist society in which women have different interests than men. Men are not seen as the source of male domination, although the feminists do see the family as important in keeping male power. Women are seen as exploited because of the housework and child care duties that she has to carry out unpaid. Men are seen as the ruling class and females as the subject in which patriarchal power control women’s sexual activity. Willmott (1970) argues that the way society is organised enabled men to dominate women.In the extreme from this can take the form of violence. As Dobash and Dobash (1980) indicates this violence from men is a real threat to many women and children. Liberal feminists views ague that women wanted equal rights. However they point on that changes in the political, economic and social system of western societies will be a gradual process. Liberal feminists see inequalities as affecting both males and females. They see women with potential in the workplace as not having the opportunity to progress. Liberal feminists are a strong advocate of equal opportunities for males and females.According to Haralambos and Holborn (2000) liberal feminists supported such measures as the Sex Discrimination Act (1975) and the Equality Act (1970) with the intention that these laws would help end discrimination. Critically evaluate the functionalist view that the nuclear family is both universal and typical. According to Murdock a functionalist who’s claimed that some kind of family existed in every society and was universal. His definition of the family states that ‘the family is a social group characterised by common residence, economic co-operation and reproduction.It includes adults of both sexes, at least two of whom maintain a socially approved sexual relationship and one or more children own or adopted of the sexually co-habiting adults’ (Haralambos, 2000) His idea of the universality of the family seems to focus on one type of family. However, the kind of family form that Murdock based his findings on when he did his research in 250 societies he found only nuclear families. This led him to the conclusion that the nuclear family was a universal social group. You read "Nuclear Family" in category "Papers" However, Murdock views of the family is somewhat flawed due to the different type of families that exist in today’s society.Murdock and Parsons have the view that women should be a t the home looking after and nurturing the children, while men should go out to work and are brea d winners of the family. Murdock states that the nuclear family is universal and is based on three key functions for a family to survive in society. These are, it stabilizes sexual and reproductive functions. It also provides basic economic requirements such as food and shelter. Moreover it provides the function of socialization of the next generation into the norms, values and other aspects of culture in that society.Murdock argues that without these functions the nuclear family would not survive (Kirby, 1997) However the functionalist view that the nuclear family is both universal and typical can be contradictory. Murdock studied families in 250 societies and found that some kind of family existed in every society and was therefore universal. The types of family structure that Murdock found in all 250 families was the nuclear family which lead him to conclude that the nuclear family is a universal social grouping, (Handout the family) Parsons agrees with Murdock and goes on to say that the nuclear family is typical and normal.Parsons states that the female role is expressive. He makes distinction on the basic biology in that the female is more expressive because of giving birth to the child. Due to child birth the mother has a closer relationship with her baby. The female is a real carer and good at expressing her emotions and is natural in socialising children. The female is a role model for girls in the family. On the other hand the male role is instrumental. He is the breadwinner, provider, supporter of the family, a role model for male children in promoting achievement and giving motivation.There are biological factors that contribute to the difference between male and female in the family. However as Haralambos and Holborn suggested ‘there is no single blueprint for the family which applies to all societies’ (Haralambos and Holborn, 2000) Families vary in shapes and sizes and come in different forms such as the Nayar tribe, which is communal. There is the single parent, the same sex, contemporary and reconstituted family. Murdock and Parsons view of the nuclear family implies that women should be looking after the home and men as the provider and breadwinner.Murdock views can be contradictory because of the different types of families that led us to discuss the following families, which can be referred to as the exceptions to the rule of the universal existence. However, according to Gough the cross-cultural Nayar family perform qualities of the nuclear family in that there is a special and social recognised tie, which exists between a girl and the boy when she had her first sexual experience. The Nayar society of southern India performs as a nuclear fami ly.Before puberty girls were ritually married to a Nayar man in the tali-rite. However after the tali-rite the female was free to take up several sexual partners as a result paternity was often uncertain. The only responsibility the women possess was to mourn at her husband’s funeral. Women would receive visiting ‘husbands’ after puberty as the men spend a lot of time away fighting. Husbands would visit other wives although the husband took preference when he was back home. The husband or wife would end the marriage any time.Other women share in the caring of the children and the fatherhood of the child was not important because of its matrilineal society. The economical contribution of males was minimal towards their children. Brothers and sisters of both parents side contributed to the economics and bringing up of the children (O’Donnell, 1985) the functionalist views regarding children’s need for social and stability works well in the Nayar society (O’ Donnell, 1985) Murdock’s view on the universality of the family is too narrow because it excludes many family forms.For example the single parent family is a distinct and viable family type as O’ Donnell states one in five families with dependant children in Britain in 1994 was headed by a single parent. Single parent family is the most common in western society (Bourne, 1995) states that in 1996 11 per sent of people in Britain lived in this type of family. Today it has doubled. However, there are professional women who choose to be single parents as studied by Jean Renvoizes single mother by choice (1985).She examined 30 mothers of this type who could afford to raise a child single-handed. On the other hand the Cashmor e Study this showed that non-professional single parents were poorer and some of these women found being single was better than being in an oppressive relationship. Then there is the same sex family ‘as Plummer (1976) argued that homosexual are less likely to establish long-term relationships. Legally homosexuals cannot marry but there are changes in the law that may allow this group to foster or adopt children.There is not enough evidence to support the notion that same-sex relationships are more dysfunctional than heterosexual families. Kirby states (1997) lesbian mothers maybe seen as unfit to nurture children. Then there are mothers who leave heterosexual relationships and enter lesbian relationships- are these women seen as unfit mothers (Kirby, 1997) The contributing family is one in which couples live together with their children for a period of time, before getting married.As Mc Rae (1993) shows many of these couples may never marry. Evidence shows that this type of family is less of a problem for themselves or society as a whole, than single mothers, who have been divorced or never married and live without a partner (Kirby, 1997) The reconstituted family is when there are previously married and divorced people with children coming together and getting married who form a new family. Many children are being brought up in this type of family.Many children are being brought up in this type of family of step-parents and step siblings. The extended family is still present in the 21st century. As study conducted by Willmott and Young in the borough of Green in the East End of London such families had intertwined in their lifestyle. The children and parents live in the same area as parents for three or more generations. This family helps and maintains links with each other. Also the mother housewife role is shared by the female members f the extended family (Haralambos and Holborn, 1996) The Neo-Conventional family are family of past divorces coming together and re-marrying to form a new family with children from previous marriages as stated by Chester Kirby (1985) There are alternatives styles of family such as the Kibbutz in Israel. Haralambos and Holborn state there are 3 per cent of the population that live in about 270 Kibbutz. These sizes vary from 100-2000 members and it consists of an agricultural lifestyle with some light industry.Children spend most of the day and all the night away from their parents in the children houses. They are educated and socialised by trained staff. Parents do visit their children and spend time together as a family, which keep the strong bond within the family. This bonding meets the children’s emotional needs, whereas the Kibbutz provides for children’s physical needs. (Haralambos and Holborn, 2000) From the post-modern perspectives of the family this views the modern alternatives to the family. This view is saying that in contemporary society there is a wide diversity of family forms all equally valid, which provide the function of the modern family (Kirby, 1997) In conclusion, according to Murdock and Parson this nuclear family is universal and typical. However this is contradictory because from my research there are a vast variety of family forms that are all existing and functioning, such as the single parent family, Kibbutzim, co-habiting, same sex and reconstitutional.As in the case of the lone parent family it could be argued that the family in industrial society has lost many of its functions. Many of these functions are taken over by the state in the form of specialised organisations for example the social security agency, schools and hospitals. (Haralambos and Holborn, 1983) The extended family still exist in some developing countries today and carry out the duties as the nuclear family. The post-modern view of the family fits in with modern contemporary society.Th e feminist view highlights the oppression of women within the family and changes that has come about. Even though there are differences in the family forms we have to celebrate all types of families. From the nursing profession it is important not to be judgemental towards people and to learn to accept that there are a wide range of families and groups of people in the contemporary society. This post originally appeared on http://www. customwritings. com/blog/sample-essays/essay-family. html How to cite Nuclear Family, Papers

Significance of Airport Master Plan-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1. In Airport Development planning what is the importance of an airport master plan, what is its purpose and what are some of the challenges that may be faced in its development? 2. Explain the importance of non-aeronautical revenue for airports and the challenges faced by contemporary airports in planning for the future generation of non-aeronautical revenue? 3. How does the dominance of airport security challenge planning for non-aeronautical revenue generation by contemporary airport management and how can it be better managed in the future? Answers: Introduction The report is analysing the significance, the purpose and the challenges faced by the airport authorities for development of main planning document. This is also evaluating the challenges experienced by the airports in the planning for the development of the non-aeronautical revenue in the future. The study is interpreting the airport security threat for the development of non-aeronautical revenue by the airport authority(Magalhes, Reis, Macrio, 2017) .The study should also depict the strategies for the management of non-aeronautical revenue in future. 1.Significance of airport master plan The airport master plan is important in identifying the needs and development planning for the domestic as well the international airports operating at the domestic and at the international level. The plan is useful in analysing the requirements for the new or the airports under development for the anticipation by the airport authorities. It is essential in reserving adequate resources for meeting the identified needs. It is also important in the determination of the needs as well the programming development at the various airports. It is useful in providing chances for the political facets and the general people of the particular region or country to help in the development of airport planning as well(Schultz, Knabe, Lorenz, Schmitz, Kern, 2016). Purpose of airport master plan The main purpose of the airport master plan is the development of the planning of the airports at the domestic and at the international level. The master plan has also the purpose of determining the operational and the financial requirements of the airports. The master plan is purposeful in making effective operational and strategic level decision making by the airport authorities with the effective use of this plan(Malekpour, Brown, de Haan, 2015). The next purpose is that this master plan will be considering the needs and demands of the stakeholders to be able to fulfil it. The master plan development also has the purpose of the development of the safe and planned airports for the future by which the airline transportation could make it effective and efficient for the public to access it on a regular basis. Evaluation of challenges faced for its development Demand as independent variable- The demand is not treated as the dependent variable, rather than it is treated as the independent variable It is quite obvious that for the planning the economic resources are important to deliver. The financial forecasting for the future use of the development of the master plan is required for the analysis of the supply and demand equilibrium. This relationship is also holding it for the demand and supply in the context of airport planning and design. Ineffective integration of plans- It is seen that in the context of the development of the airport master planning at the different levels is not effective and lacks integration. The master plan is made at the different levels and there is no link up with the plans at the other levels by the airport master planner. 2.Explanation of significance of non-aeronautical revenue for airports It is important to note the fact that the non-aeronautical revenues are essential for the consideration of proper and high quality development of the airports at the domestic and the international level. The non-aeronautical revenues for airport help in enhancing the profitability of the airports. It will help in the growth of the additional facilities, which is provided to the customers all over the world. This is significant in improving the overall performance of the airports at different levels with up gradation in the quality of the maintenance level of the airports(Goodpasture Hubbell, 2016). Challenges evaluated Heavy responsibility on customers- It is obvious that for the past 2 decades, there is the reduction in the aeronautical revenues due to the enhancement in non-aeronautical revenues and it is specifically for the low cost carriers. With the increase in population there is change in the movement of the customers which is changing the level of the non-aeronautical revenues involving the car parking, FB etc. Privatisation of airports on retail prices- The changing of the airport carrier control on the private owned organizations has affecting the changes in the financial level of returns getting to the private shareholders(Yokomi, Wheat, Mizutani, 2017). This is increasing for the non-aeronautical charges and this is making the increase in the retail prices. High level of airport security- With the increase in the illegal activities over the world, the high level of airport security is given. This high level of airport security is actually reducing the non-aeronautical revenues for the airports. 3.Interpretation of challenge of airport security The contemporary airport management when plans for the development and increase in the non-aeronautical revenues, the airport security play a dominant role into it. It is obvious that the airport security planning is dependent on the type of security is given to the passengers in the different airports. The commercial spaces inside the airports should meet with the needs of the airport security. The retail spaces inside the airports needs enhancement as the passengers should get a proper and secured environment inside the airports at various places. It is important that the designing of the security space inside the airport is significantly challenging the contemporary airport management for dealing with the non-aeronautical revenues. The application of the different security issues like the LAG issues will definitely act as the challenges for the contemporary airport management to plan for the non-aeronautical revenues for the airports at different levels(Moulds Lohmann, 2016). The development of the digital processes and the incubation of digital technologies will be able to provide a straight challenge for the contemporary airport management in making an effective plan for the development of non-aeronautical revenues. Strategies for managing non-aeronautical revenue in future There are various strategies involved in managing non- aeronautical revenues in future. The development of the local colour is actually displaying the products from various regions where the airports are located help in enhancing this type of revenue. The airports without hampering the large spaces for operations inside the airports need to organize the events without the use of the commercial areas(Fasone, Kofler, Scuderi, 2016). It is useful in the determination of the proper pricing strategies for the products that is useful for the generation of non-aeronautical revenues. The changes in the growth of the passengers should be analysed regularly for managing this revenue in a better way in future. Conclusion From the study, it is evident that the non- aeronautical revenues are essential for the financial growth and performance of the contemporary airports located at various places. It concludes that the development of master plan is making influencing the effectiveness of planning and designing the airports at various levels. Bibliography Fasone, V., Kofler, L., Scuderi, R. (2016). Business performance of airports: Non-aviation revenues and their determinants. Journal of Air Transport Management, 53, 35-45. Goodpasture, A., Hubbell, S. (2016). The evolution of the passenger experience on the airport concourse.. Journal of Airport Management, 10(3), 283-290. Magalhes, L., Reis, V., Macrio, R. (2017). A literature review of flexible development of airport terminals. Transport Reviews, 37(3), 365-382. Malekpour, S., Brown, R. R., de Haan, F. J. (2015). Strategic planning of urban infrastructure for environmental sustainability: understanding the past to intervene for the future. Cities, 46, 67-75. Moulds, J., Lohmann, G. (2016). An analysis of future trends in non-aeronautical revenue: A case study from Adelaide Airport. Journal of Airport Management, 10(4), 343-358. Schultz, M., Knabe, F., Lorenz, S., Schmitz, R., Kern, S. (2016). Future technologies in strategic airport planning. Yokomi, M., Wheat, P., Mizutani, J. (2017). The impact of low cost carriers on non-aeronautical revenues in airport: An empirical study of UK airports. Journal of Air Transport Management, 64, 77-85.